THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GADGET USE INTENSITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN INDONESIA

Abstract

The increasing use of digital devices among preschool-aged children has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on child development. This study aimed to examine the relationship between gadget use intensity and the developmental status of preschool children at Ria Sari Kindergarten, Ujung Padang District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 34 preschool children selected through a total sampling technique. Data on gadget use intensity were collected using a structured questionnaire completed by parents or guardians, while children's developmental status was assessed using the Pre-Screening Developmental Questionnaire (Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan/KPSP), which evaluates gross motor, fine motor, language, and social-independence domains. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test to determine the association between variables. The findings revealed that gadget use intensity was associated with the developmental status of preschool-aged children. Children with higher levels of gadget use tended to demonstrate less favorable developmental outcomes compared to those with lower levels of gadget exposure. Excessive gadget use may reduce opportunities for physical activity, social interaction, and language stimulation, which are essential for optimal child development. Although gadgets can provide educational benefits when used appropriately, prolonged and unsupervised use may negatively affect developmental achievement during early childhood. Therefore, parents, educators, and healthcare professionals should collaborate to promote balanced and age-appropriate gadget use while encouraging activities that support children's physical, cognitive, language, and social development.